List of issues on sustainable innovation

Various localities have successively introduced management measures to prohibit trucks from entering the city, and the purpose of banning and restricting traffic is to maintain urban road traffic order and control urban air pollution. In practice, however, further research is needed on whether the environmental impact of banning trucks into the city is positive or negative.

The problem of black smoke in diesel vehicles, which is common in many regions, is one of the main sources of PM2.5 on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is also a factor that exacerbates climate warming. How to solve this problem is related to everyone's health.

Food and agriculture education can be defined in two senses: narrow and broad. Food and agriculture education in the narrow sense refers to a process of experiential education, which is the process of learning about local agriculture, establishing the correct way of choosing food, and learning about the local food culture formed by agriculture and food through the interaction between learners and agricultural and food producers.

Every year at the carnival of online shopping, platforms cheer for their record transaction volumes, but behind the year-on-year increase in material flow is the staggering amount of packaging waste in the online shopping process. Adhesive tapes, cartons, bags, plastic films, foam particles, merchants and logistics service providers use various means to wrap goods layer by layer. At the same time, the negative reviews of "the packaging is so simple" and the praise of "the merchant packaging is very careful" also constitute invisible pressure from consumers, fueling the bottoming competition in online shopping packaging. This project aims to guide students to discuss the role of merchants, consumers, and online shopping platforms in this environmental problem, and to provide possible solutions to reduce the phenomenon of excessive packaging in online shopping by understanding the motivational patterns of all parties.

Urban households generate large amounts of food waste every day, which can be converted into fertilizer and returned to the soil after being effectively sorted and processed. At home and abroad, more and more communities are participating in community food waste composting. Think about how you can get people in your community to volunteer to sort their food waste and participate in community food waste composting?

Urban community garden design is often the same, and it is difficult to find other values other than the role of landscape. How to design community gardens from the perspectives of local community climate, biodiversity and residents' practicality has become a new trend in community design at home and abroad. The new design ideas will give residents a greater sense of participation and connection, and will be able to effectively resist environmental shocks in future urban communities.

Urban water has been a serious problem, with the availability of clean water available for use decreasing, while southern cities often experience flooding during the summer months. How to effectively avoid urban waterlogging, effectively intercept and reuse water sources, and treat problems as resources will become an important issue to achieve sustainable urban communities.

From philanthropy to corporate social responsibility to sustainability, companies need to gradually incorporate social, environmental and other non-financial factors into their strategic decision-making to cope with the impact of current and future environmental, social, political and other uncertain factors, so as to achieve true sustainable development. Corporate social responsibility is no longer the icing on the cake, but has the potential to become a seldom. Interface is already working on sustainability projects in Southeast Asia and beyond with multiple (environmental, social, business) benefits. In the context of the environmental and social issues facing China, please suggest a sustainability project that is linked to and integrated with the characteristics of Interface's products, mainly modular carpets.

Plastic pollution has become one of the world's most serious environmental problems. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, 8 million tonnes of plastic waste enters the ocean every year. If this trend cannot be reversed, it is expected that by 2050, the total weight of plastic waste in the ocean will exceed that of fish. About 50% of the plastic products we currently use are disposable. According to the New Plastics Economy report, globally, plastic waste is typically disposed of in landfills, with only 14% of plastic recycled. Most of the recycled plastic products have little reuse value and cannot be recycled because their quality is compromised during the reprocessing process. In fact, in the end, only 2% of plastic can be systematically reused.

This question aims to guide students to explore the reduction and alternatives of disposable plastic products with disposable plastic food packaging as the starting point.

Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels from motor vehicles are one of the main causes of global warming. Automobiles are a major contributor to air pollution emissions from motor vehicles, emitting more than 80% of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and more than 90% of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. One day of suspension of an ordinary motor vehicle can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 12.4 kilograms. If a private car drives 1 km less per day, the carbon dioxide emissions reduced in one year are equivalent to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by a 15-year-old poplar tree in one year. If each person cycles 1 km per day instead of driving, it can reduce carbon emissions by 270 grams and pollutant emissions by 4.2 grams.

This question requires students to fully understand the reasons why residents in first-tier cities choose to travel by car and the factors that lead to their reluctance to change their travel mode, analyze the advantages of green travel mode compared with car travel (such as convenience, speed, punctuality, and ease) from the aspects of public policy, urban planning and construction, and residents' daily commuting needs, and propose a awareness improvement plan to encourage the public to use car-free travel instead of private car travel.

Waste reduction needs to start from the source, young people are in the formation of values and easy to intervene in the change of the period, is the transformation of consumption concept and the critical period of education. As the main force of online shopping and consumption, how can young people re-understand the consumer goods that they are accustomed to in life but do not understand their value and impact on the environment, and pay attention to the "price" paid by the environment in the process of "production" and "disposal", instead of just being kidnapped by the temptation of "promotional price"?

"Waste reduction" generally refers to reduction at the source, that is, avoiding waste, rather than considering what to do with it after it is generated. For example, if a single-use plastic lunch box has already been used, then consider washing, recycling, and re-converting it into plastic pellets, and then making other plastic products. Although this process reduces the amount of waste entering landfills and incineration plants, it does not reduce the amount of waste at the source. It can only be called "recycling". Waste management priorities (reduce, reuse, recycle) belong to recycle, which is actually relatively low-level. When we say "garbage reduction", we mean not to use disposable lunch boxes at the beginning, but to use durable lunch boxes, and then use a certain process to recycle, clean, disinfect, and re-distribute. Reuse the same lunch box over and over again. This is called "reuse", which is relatively more advanced and environmentally friendly.

Ecological community is a beautiful and harmonious living environment established under the goal of sustainable development taking into account social, environmental and economic benefits, and its planning method is guided by ecological principles, and has requirements for greening the environment, energy consumption, emission pollution, facility layout, etc., compared with traditional communities, it can promote economic development and realize the coordination between artificial and nature, which is the direction of the development of ideal human settlements in the future. At this stage, China's residential buildings are still dominated by traditional communities, and the energy structure, living environment and social relations need to be improved, while the commercial ecological communities mainly focus on the natural environment and have not realized the ecological community in the real sense.

The second batch of environmental inspectors has officially begun, and all enterprises that violate environmental protection will be subject to key inspections. How to standardize the environmental management of these chemical parks that have been shut down?

Garbage classification generally refers to a series of activities that classify and store, put and carry garbage according to certain regulations or standards, so as to transform them into public resources. The purpose of sorting is to improve the resource value and economic value of garbage, and strive to make the best use of it.

Garbage sorting and collection can reduce the amount of garbage disposal and treatment equipment, reduce the cost of treatment, reduce the consumption of land resources, and have social, economic, ecological and other benefits.

However, various problems have arisen in the process of promoting garbage classification, so how to guide people to better and sustainably promote garbage classification from the aspects of policy, technology, management, and education?

The development of circular economy has become a reasonable path for economic transformation and development, but it also has the practical embarrassment of "uneconomic". However, in recent years, many companies in the field of circular economy have not had a good time: some waste recycling companies have small profit margins, recycling production equipment is not fully utilized, and some local governments and enterprises say they cannot afford or are unwilling to buy recycling equipment and products. The "circular economy" has fallen into the embarrassing dilemma of "uneconomy", and how to get out of this dilemma has attracted much attention.

Food production is a major source of global emissions. However, in recent years, with the improvement of residents' quality of life and pursuit, people's pursuit of food is no longer just "delicious", but also "good-looking", especially some organic vegetables and fruits. This results in about 1.3 billion tonnes of grain being discarded each year before eating, and about 25%-30% of carrots cannot enter supermarkets due to size or appearance defects. Most of the "ugly food" is good food that should not be leftover, and it can make delicious food. It is urgent to encourage people to embrace "ugly food" and reduce food waste and global emissions.

Buildings account for 1/3 of global energy demand and 1/4 of greenhouse gas emissions. If existing energy-efficient technologies can be implemented at scale in all regions, global energy demand for buildings could be reduced by one-third by 2050. The barriers to the widespread adoption of efficient buildings lie primarily in institutional design and behavioural patterns, rather than in technology or finance. So how can the public and private sectors work together to facilitate the transformation of urban buildings to efficient buildings?

In the past decade or so, people have gained a broader and deeper understanding of the important position and unique role of the global marine ecosystem in the sustainable development of mankind, as well as the threats posed to the ocean by the form and scale of human activities. However, the deterioration of marine ecosystems is accelerating due to global drivers such as climate change, and the window for effective action is closing, and the international community needs to take swift and more aggressive conservation actions to ensure that the ocean can continue to serve human well-being in the future under a 2°C global warming scenario. The theme of World Oceans Day 2020 is "Innovating for a Sustainable Ocean", focusing on the conservation of marine biodiversity and supporting ocean innovation at all levels, from institutions to management and technology.

According to the report, there are currently about 4.75 billion hectares of agricultural land used for crop and livestock production worldwide, of which more than 1.5 billion hectares are arable land. Of these, arable land accounts for only 13 per cent of the world's land types, but 29 per cent of all degraded land is degraded. With increasing urbanization, the overall area of agricultural land changed slightly between 2000 and 2017, but the per capita area of agricultural land decreased by 20% to about 0.19 hectares/person in 2017 due to population growth.

Due to the overexploitation of natural resources in recent years, climate change and the unsustainable effects of agricultural practices have led to increasing pressure on soils. At the same time, as a populous country, food security is a top priority, and food security depends to a large extent on the protection of soil, water resources and land. Due to the rapid process of urbanization, the contradiction of land demand has been exacerbated, and some of the land has been salinized due to man-made reasons, resulting in land degradation and resources can not be used sustainably.

Limiting the consumption of single-use plastic products has become a global environmental issue, and straws have received widespread attention as one of them. According to statistics, the number of plastic straws used in the world every day is as high as 500 million, and these plastic straws are often not recycled and degraded, which may eventually have a serious impact on the ecosystem. In search of alternatives, many people are starting to refocus on traditional paper straws and iron straws. Compared with plastic straws, both paper straws and iron straws have the advantages of degradability and reusability, but also have problems such as difficulty and hygiene risks, while plastic straws are popular because they are cheap, easy to use and come in a variety of shapes and colors, but their non-degradable nature has a long-term impact on the environment.

Therefore, we need to comprehensively consider the advantages and disadvantages of various straws to find the most environmentally friendly option. Discuss the sustainability, affordability, and practicality of various straws, and suggest some practical solutions to promote environmental awareness and sustainability.

As territorial spatial planning is nearing completion, one of the most important tasks of such projects is to delineate the boundaries of ecological space, agricultural space and production space in the top-level planning, with the protection of farmland area as the top priority. According to the actual observation, it is found that there are three problems in the quality of some farmland: first, some areas are reclaimed farmland, and there are soil pollution problems; second, the farmland located at the edge of the construction land is not properly managed, which is affected by flooding and human activities; third, some of the elevated transportation facilities that cross the farmland are widely obstructed, which affects the growth of crops. In order to promote the comprehensive management and protection of the quantity, quality and ecology of farmland, how to carry out work from the aspects of farmland area guarantee, farmland protection, farmland ecological environment improvement, agricultural non-point source pollution control, and agricultural water conservation are the problems we need to think about.

Human life is inseparable from a wide variety of materials. The materials used today can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Non-environmentally friendly materials. Such as the previous plastics, this kind of materials is a large part of solid waste is difficult to deal with, difficult to degrade, some materials are toxic to organisms, and their poor management will cause greater harm to the environment; Since entering the 21st century, synthetic biology and other disciplines have gradually emerged, through the biological transformation of the microstructure of some microorganisms, the manufacture of environmentally friendly functional materials has been realized, which is environmentally friendly, but the technical threshold is high, and the promotion needs to be further developed. 3. Natural and environmentally friendly materials, such as wood. Natural and environmentally friendly materials are widely existing in nature, easy to produce and can be better applied to actual production and life through simple processing. This kind of material has good environmental friendly function, and is easy to recycle, and occupies an important position in the current application of environmental protection functional materials.

Please think deeply about the following questions: 1. What are the more ideal natural environmental protection materials that can be widely used?2. In what aspects can similar natural environmental protection materials be properly applied? How to promote the full use of environmental protection functional materials?